In the 1920s and 1930s, John Dewey, Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein, David Bohr, Rabindranath Tagore, Guglielmo Marconi, George Bernard Shaw, Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr., Lanngevin Paul etc visited China one after another. Those visitors were fascinated by eastern culture, and had great interests in the social transformation of China. There was also someone like John Dewey who visited China because of his affection to his students. The reasons of their visits were various, and mostly were for lectures, or stopped over as a tourist. On their way to the other countries many of them just passed through. And Shanghai was always their first stop in China.