Phan Khoi (1887-1959) was one of the great writers in Vietnamese journalism, literature and ideology in the XX century. The legacy of his works, after more than half a century, has been rediscovered, gradually revealing remarkable values, not only values that have historical significance, but also values that have never been overtaken by history. In this book, the editor selected a number of Phan Khoi's writings around one of his frequent topics: discussing Confucianism, point out and criticize developmental constraints on Confucian social structure; spiritual life of Vietnamese people, from ancient times to the twentieth century. Analyzing the mental state of Vietnamese society, Phan Khoi points out the profound influence of Confucian ideology, it is a tool of the Chinese tyrannical monarchy, creating functional people, tool people, tying people into monarchy with harsh moral norms.