Compared with other types of natural disasters, drought arises slowly, occurs slowly but lasts long, affecting many sectors of the economy and human activities. In particular, the most severely affected people are rural residents with livelihood strategies that depend mainly on nature. This study was conducted to contribute to clarify drought issues, the impact of drought on rural population livelihoods; provide a scientific basis for policy makers and managers to have reasonable development plans; effective methods of managing drought associated with sustainable rural livelihood development in Ninh Thuan province. The book consists of 3 chapters: Chapter 1: General issues on the impact of drought on rural livelihoods; Chapter 2: Impact of drought on rural population livelihoods in Ninh Thuan province; Chapter 3: Solutions to mitigate the effects of drought on rural population livelihoods in Ninh Thuan Province.