Fiscal transparency is one of the important criteria in assessing the level of national development, and has a positive relationship with economic growth and social progress. According to USAID (2013), Vietnam ranked at D rank on budget classification; Grade B on the comprehensive level of budget document information; C + scale of operation; B + on transparency of fiscal relations between levels of government; C on fiscal risk monitoring; and B for accessibility of fiscal information. Vietnam needs to improve its fiscal transparency level based on fiscal transparency standards and regulations following the standards of the IMF, OECD and the International Budget Program in the future to selectively attract foreign direct investment, developing financial market integrated with the region and the world. This book discusses the above issues and proposes some insights on public finance management towards transparency.