Japan, a country where population decline is progressing and the number of workers is decreasing. While the fiscal deficit continues to expand, rural regions are in a crisis of disappearance. Isn’t the decline of the nation already inevitable? Versus such preconceptions, economics which has struggled with population issues over many years responds “No!” Innovation holds the key to economic growth, and the fact that Japan is one of the world’s leading longevity societies poses an opportunity. This book sweeps away the “population decline pessimism” that has spread throughout Japan and approaches the real issues of the Japanese economy.