India and China are global economic powers but with different growth trajectories and completely different styles of governance. While the comparison between the Asian neighbours is inevitable, how does the future of these two large economies stack up? As ancient Asian civilizations having river valley origins and global economic giants of the medieval period, India and China share many characteristics. There is, however, much that is different, which will define the future of the two nations. This book examines the policies, institutions, markets, infrastructure, public finance and political economies of the two countries and their enabling environments for economic growth. It also examines potential or little understood dangers of disproportionate growth in the context of the environment, population, and future economic and social stability. These alone, however, are not sufficient to tell the complete story or suggest a tealeaf reading of their possible futures.