This book discusses the background to the issue of ‘counterfeit medicines’ in the WHO as well as the problems of using the term ‘counterfeit’ (in connection with intellectual property rights violations) to refer to products with compromised quality, safety and efficacy issues against a background of anti-counterfeiting initiatives in the context of IP enforcement aggressively being pushed by businesses and governments of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The book also discusses origins of the IMPACT and analyses issues and concerns about the Taskforce pertaining to legitimacy, transparency, accountability, links to IP enforcement, and the creation of barriers to trade in, affordable generic medicines.