of muslim modernism - a 19th century idea which further evolved in the the early 20th century and inspired the creation of a separate muslim-majority country, pakistan. Paracha explores how this idea became part of the narrative which first justified the creation of pakistan and then became part of this country's nationalist outlook.
however, from the mid-19705, this idea began to erode and was replaced by a more myopic view of pakistani nationalism which permeated the state and society, retarding their evolution. It hurled them into an identity and existentialist crises ravaged by extremist violence, hate crimes and severe sectarian, sub-sectarian and religious polarisation. 
after investigating the reasons behind the birth, rise and decline of muslim modernism in south asia and pakistan, paracha builds a case of its possible revival for a state and polity now trying to wriggle out of the many ideological and constitutional traps they created for themselves in their bid to divorce the country from its modernist muslim roots.