The two-volume India, the Portuguese and Maritime Interactions is the outcome of the 14th International Seminar on Indo-Portuguese History held at New Delhi. These essays look at the multilayered nature of Indo-Portuguese interactions and address the complexities of the very varied subsystems that got woven around the Indian Ocean over a period of more than five centuries. The first volume focuses on Indo-Portuguese interactions in terms of circulation of medical knowledge and aspects of health care; the nature of scientific and technological interactions; dynamics of trade and political economy; and meanings of urbanity.