Vietnam and China are two neighboring countries, with a long historical relationship. For thousands of years, both countries have exchanged and learned from each other. In the theory of criminal law of each nation, the punishment system always plays a particularly important role. This book is a study by Dr. Le Trung Kien, aiming to find out the similarities and differences between the criminal law system of Vietnam and China; Explaining the causes of these similarities and differences helps to better understand each country's penalty system. At the same time, the book provides a new approach, a new understanding of problems to be solved. In addition to the generally accepted troop analyzes, the author's opinion is retained when editing to demonstrate monographic character. The book is a useful resource for lecturers, students and researchers interested in this topic.