In past decades, the inequality within most advanced and emerging markets and developing countries has increased. A considerable share of the world population still lives in poverty; world income and wealth are very unequally distributed. Inequality and poverty are increasing due to economic growth, globalisation, and changes in technology, labour markets, social protection mechanisms, and demography. Inequality and poverty are complex variables and the gap between the rich and the poor will continue to worsen without a policy or structural intervention. Inequality is the unique feature of Indian social system which continues in contemporary society. The hierarchies based on caste, class, race, gender, location, language, occupation, physical condition and differential access to resources as well as majority of groups’ denial of basic human rights of resources leads to unequal distribution of wealth, power and status which has created inequality in the society. Inequality is the major challenge to Indian society. The present book includes papers on multidisciplinary aspects on inequality and poverty to enhance and share knowledge about various aspects of the development of weaker sections. The trends indicate that the poor and deprived people are far from the mainstream and development in terms of their education, health, empowerment, equality, and other elements of development in the era of globalisation. There is an urgent need to identify the groups that are facing inequality and poverty, then think about the inclusive policy for their overall development. The book will help in policy formulation for upliftment of the poor people in society.