The law relating to citizenship in India has been a matter of public debate in recent times. The CAA (Citizenship Amendment Act) and NRC (National Register of Citizens) are topics that have led to public protests and debates, as well as petitions in various courts of the country. Written in simple language and citing the relevant sections of the law, the author clarifies what it means to be a citizen of India, the various ways of becoming a citizen, who the CAA is meant to help, and why border states such as Assam are a special case in this matter. He also explains the laws concerning immigration, clarifying who is an ‘illegal immigrant’ and how legal citizenship can be obtained.