This book has been written with the belief that demography has a key role to play in meeting national level challenges arising out of rapid rise in India's population. An attempt has been made to strike a balance between theory and research findings. The book deals with the most recent developments in demographic theory. The book aims to provide a systematic introduction to demography for advanced level students as well as teachers of demography. This is a comprehensive and most up-to-date book on Indian demography. Though the book is specially related to India, an effort has been made to make use of the available knowledge to give a global perspective relating to demographic issues.