This volume narrates the cultural exchanges between India and Russia, beginning with Russian words cognate to Sanskrit called paternal language' by a Russian linguist. Indian items have been exhumed from the 8-9th century layers of Kiev. Indian colony in Astrakhan on the Volga River, first contact of Russians with Buddhism in 1716, reference to Sanskrit in a novel written in 1784, the volume comes down to the troika of Blavatsky. Tolstoy and Roerichs and their historic contributions. It sketches the many-sided and manifold researches of Russian scholars on Sanskrit and Indian languages, excavations of Central Asian sites, extensive studies on Tibetan and Mongolian Buddhism. Genocide of Buddhism in Mongolia in the agonised narratives of Prof. Rinchen to Prof. RaghuVira: millions of xylographs burnt, two lakh Lamas shot or conflagrated, all monasteries razed to the ground in a massive butchery of extermination.