This volume provides a glimpse into the histories of Maritime Southeast Asia from the 1400s to the 1800s. The chapters allow the reader to compare experiences, assess developments, and observe patterns of continuity and change over time. It shows how in many ways, the people of the region share a similar, while at the same time different, past. It thus fosters a nuanced view of history instead of subscribing to overly broad generalizations. While general patterns can be seen, it must also be taken into account that every community responded to the transformations of the 1400s to the 1800s in their respective ways. It must also be considered that the people of the region were not mere passive receivers of change but instead, active agents in the transformation as they, both carefully and recklessly, negotiated with the new realities that they faced. The history of the region must thus be viewed on its own terms but with consideration for the broader and longer historical context. This work brings together the works of historians from Maritime Southeast Asia that were presented at the 65th anniversary conference of the PHA and 7th Conference of the International Council for Historical and Cultural Cooperation-Southeast Asia (ICHCC-SEA). It is also published in commemoration of the 500th anniversary of the southeast Asian part in the first circumnavigation of the world (1521-2021).