In the evolution of the past dynasties, China has formed an extremely rich, systematic and distinctive national governance system. This book analyzes this system from three aspects: thought, system and method. In terms of thought, thirteen basic concepts are summarized, covering the most basic ideas of ancient Chinese governance. In terms of system, thirteen institutional arrangements are summarized, which are ultra-stability and continuity, and they are one of the fundamental forces to maintain ancient China for 5,000 years. In terms of methods, nine methods have been extracted, which are not only the classic wisdom of ancient Chinese statesmen in governing the country, but also the basic cultural character and way of thinking that Chinese people have accumulated in the long historical process, and the most typical spirit of Chinese people. temperament.