International Human Rights Law (IHRL) and international humanitarian law (IHL) are complex subject matters, as they are interwoven and at the same time belong to different sets of legal regimes. Human rights law has been an effective legal regime and has made substantial progress of development since 1945. The main challenge of human rights law is that it has constantly been violated during armed conflicts. Universal standards of human rights law are seldomly adopted during armed hostilities, even though death and destruction are direct consequences of these conflicts; it is IHL that regulates the rules on how wars can be fought. International humanitarian law is a system of law that aims to cushion the effects of armed conflict for humanitarian reasons. This is achieved by placing restrictions on how war is waged, and protecting the rights of those who are not currently or have ceased to be directly or actively engaged in hostilities. International humanitarian law is also commonly known as 'the law of war' or 'the law of armed conflict." Perhaps even more fundamental, is that the rationale behind IHL is its human application, unlike human rights law which is of general application. What is particularly significant about IHL is that it is precise. It may be regarded as the 'Queensbury rules' of war. However, beyond the scope of IHL is that over the years, it has become increasingly difficult to demarcate the lines between IHL, and IHRL. What is important to realise is that IHL is traditionally considered separate from IHRL, even though the two legal disciplines frequently overlap. Thus, there is a convergence between the two bodies of law. Therefore, this book aims at throwing more light on the argument that IHRL and IHI are complementary and are not fixated under any strict rules of compartmentalization. More fundamental, and therefore more important is that the main crux of this book is to consider the application of IHRL and IHL from the approach of African States during armed conflict. Most important aside from the convergence of both international regimes is that an insight of this book is to challenge African States to minimize the outcome of armed conflict, to pursue peace and uphold and defend the natural right to humanity.