The Appendix summarises useful judgments in all areas and indicates maximum penalties. Aggravating factors are indicated, and the changes to the way in which they affect the sentencing of drug traffickers is explained. The mitigating factors have been expanded, including the impact of background on sentence, the relevance of a confederate having been granted immunity from prosecution, and the effect of academic achievements. The way in which those convicted of national security offences should be sentenced is explained, and the latest guidelines for trafficking in cannabis are incorporated. The courts have stressed that if trial courts only pay lip service to guidelines, the sentencing process will likely miscarry. The six-stage sentencing approach for drug traffickers has been extended to offenders generally, and the way in which supergrasses should be sentenced has been reviewed.