This book provides not only a detailed account of the mysterious personality of Bayazid Ansari, the Roshniya Movement, but also explores the sixteenth century political, religious and cultural landscapes of the Pakhtuns’ borderland. It paints a picture mostly based on primary and authentic secondary sources and its scientific analysis of the tribal and spiritual resistance offered by the tribes to Mughal imperialism. It tries to present the contextual situation of the age obtaining around the event that has been buried in the sands of history. This work challenges the established concepts regarding Bayazid and his movement terming it as incidental collaborators of the Mughals. Given its non-conformist approach the book will generate a debate among scholars on this very important episode of the Pakhtuns’ history.