Impressionism remains wildly popular. Crowds flock to exhibitions by its greatest artists: Edouard Manet, Berthe Morisot, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro. But as Sebastian Smee shows in Paris in Ruins, a book of great narrative sweep and vivid detail, Impressionism was a complex reaction to an age of violence and war. From the summer of 1870 to the spring of 1871, the ‘Terrible Year’, Paris and its people were cut off, starved and forced to surrender by Germans—before rebel republicans established a breakaway government or Commune. After the burning of central Paris, the republicans were crushed by the French army. Smee tells this story through the eyes of these key artists, with a special focus on the intimate, enigmatic relationship between Manet—the father of Impressionism—and Morisot, the group’s only female member in its early years. An indelible portrait of the city, Paris in Ruins captures the chaos of that year, and reveals how it had an incalculable effect on the development of modern art.