The book is the outcome of a two-year research fellowship at the Prime Minister Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi. The emergence of new security challenges in the region demands greater and deeper cooperation between India and Japan on not only bilateral issues but also on regional and global issues so as to maintain peace and stability in the region. The sharing of Asian values between the two countries further contributes to the mutual understanding. The book offers a comprehensive evaluation of the bilateral ties between India and Japan in the historical context and connects to the significance and emergence of the robustness of the relationship in contemporary times. In particular, the book dwells on the less explored issues, such as the diaspora and the roles of both countries in developing India’s Northeastern region, particularly during the long-tenured Prime Ministership of Narendra Modi and Shinzo Abe. The book attempts to cover the micro-analysis of issues either overlooked or underplayed in the past academic literature.