The contributions by Syed Muhammad Ali Bokhari and Marya Saleem Adhami provide a focused examination of how varying initial abilities and meritocratic practices impact the effectiveness of new PAS entrants. They highlight critical issues such as the under-utilization of female officers and the detrimental effects of frequent turnover on public service efficiency. As Pakistan navigates complex governance challenges, this topic emphasizes the need for robust capacity development in public service. It calls on policymakers to consider the implications of political influence and governance practices that either enhance or hinder the growth of civil service capability.