In British India, ‘scheduling’ meant the act of placing certain areas under ‘special administrative regimes’, where the usual laws and regulations did not apply. After independence, similar provisions were included in the Constitution of India, in the form of the Fifth and Sixth Schedules, for predominantly tribal areas. This book provides a history of the late-colonial discussions around the future of tribal communities in South Asia. In this debate were first, the British anthropologists and administrators, who believed that the introduction of modern electoral democracy would harm the tribal people.