The book is the first comprehensive history of South Asian humanitarian aid in the context of armed conflicts in the colonial period. Adopting an international and transnational approach, the book focuses on relief initiatives from the First World War to the Second World War and the early post-war years. Through five case studies, this book offers new insights into the history of volunteer societies and non-state organisations in British India. It enhances readers' understanding of late colonial public and political activism on the Indian subcontinent.