Historical and Political Geography of the Cola Country is a revised and enlarged version of the author’s work that was originally published in 1973. It deals with different aspects of the territorial units found in the Cola period inscriptions (850–1300), from the village (ur) at the base to higher-level territories, such as valanatu and mantalam. Instead of simply considering them to be administrative divisions used for political purposes, their social and cultural aspects are studied here, while the associated social and agrarian groups (like urar and nattar) are given due importance in understanding contemporary socio-political organization.