Vitamin D deficiency has been one of the enigmatic micronutrient deficiencies considered earlier as essentially nonexistent except in countries closer to the north pole due to inadequate sunlight. But its extensive prevalence in India and several other sunlight adequate locations raises several questions starting right from validity of biomarkers, environmental pollution and modern lifestyles. Since dietary sources are minimal, supplementation and fortification become a way forward. Clarity even on these interventions is lacking with a multitude of recommendations from RDA levels to mega doses.